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How do Bounce Houses Work

Most quality Inflatable Bouncers and Water Parks fall under the category of Continuous Airflow. This means that an air blower continuously pumps air into the Bounce House or Water Park while the inflatable is in use (If you want to blow it up by mouth, you're in the wrong place!). Air escapes through the seams and the porous materials. You will hear air "breathing" out of the inflatable, or even see bubbles in water slides and water parks. This is perfectly normal, and not cause for concern. Beware of cheap knock offs. There have been a number of recalls due to low-cost knock offs that either split due to improper materials, or have fans that break apart during use. Blowers require power in order to inflate the bouncer, and must be used in areas that have power readily accessible. If you don't have power for your bouncing party, you will need a generator to run the blower.

Friday, 12-Nov-2010 02:48

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Pearl Jewelry - The Story of Pearl Hunters

As long as pearl jewelry have been known to people, they have been a highly sought commodity for their beauty. It's only in recent times however that the industry has taken the hunt for the perfect pearl to a whole different level. Today, the shiny orbs that we see on in display in jewelry stores have actually almost always been grown in farms.

That's a far cry from the dangerous extraction and collection methods used before the invention of modern technology. In the past, not more than 100 years ago, the only way to retrieve pearls was by diving in lakes, floods and the ocean to pick them up, one at the time. The unfortunate divers who'se job it was to do this, were often poor and lured by the relative large sums they could get. The diver would sometimes have to dive as deep as 100 feet on one single breath of air. In order to preserve air and to stay submerged the longest, the divers would hold on to heavy stones on the way down.

Naturally, this dangerous activity was reserved for the desperate or the powerless - in many cases slaves or extremely poor peasents. Today, this method is all but obsolete in most places of the world. The cheaper cultured pearls have become popular and are many times the only pearls available to the consumer.

There are however still a few isolated areas that practice this old art of pearl diving. Some of the finest natural pearl speciments come from the gulf of Bahrain. Here, divers still risk their health to retrieve what are considered the top of the crop in the world. In fact, Bahrain wants no part of the sale of cultured pearls, banned from trade. Bahrain is one of the few places on earth that does an active job in trying to preserve the natural habitat and waters from pollution.

It's an interesting story and one that continues to fascinate buyers around the world. Somehow, the beauty of the pearl grows when it's been retrieved from the depth of the ocean.

Friday, 12-Nov-2010 02:44

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Buying Pearl Jewelry Without Being Ripped Off

Buying pearl jewelry can be fun, exciting and confusing. Whether you're considering a gift of pearl jewelry for someone special or as a treat for yourself, take some time to learn the terms used in the industry. Here's some information to help you get the best quality pearl jewelry for your money, whether you're shopping in a traditional brick and mortar store or online.

Pearls

Natural or real pearls are made by oysters and other mollusks. Cultured pearls also are grown by mollusks, but with human intervention; that is, an irritant introduced into the shells causes a pearl to grow. Imitation pearls are man-made with glass, plastic, or organic materials.

Because natural pearls are very rare, most pearls used in jewelry are either cultured or imitation pearls. Cultured pearls, because they are made by oysters or mollusks, usually are more expensive than imitation pears. A cultured pearl's value is largely based on its size, usually stated in millimeters, and the quality of its nacre coating, which give it luster. Jewelers should tell your if the pearls are cultured or imitation. Some black, bronze, gold, purple, blue and orange pearls, whether natural or cultured, occur that way in nature; some, however, are dyed through various processes. Jewelers should tell you whether the colored pearls are naturally colored, dyed or irradiated.

Clams, oysters, mussels and many other mollusks with limy shells are known to produce pearls. But very few kinds yield gem pearls of jeweler's quality. The pearl is an abnormal growth of mother-of-pearl, or nacre, imbedded in the soft bodies of these shellfish. It is built up, layer upon layer, in the same way as nacre is added to the lining of the growing shell and always has the same color and luster. For example, over the country, hundreds of good-sized pearls are found each year in the oysters we eat. Unfortunately these have no commercial value regardless of whether they have been cooked or not because they are dull opaque white or purple like the shell of the parent oyster. In recent times almost all pearls of gem quality come from the oriental pearl oyster which has a bright shimmering translucent nacre.

A pearl starts growing when some irritating foreign substance such as a sand grain, bit of mud, parasite or other object becomes lodged in the shell-producing gland called the mantle. Pearls formed in the soft flesh where nacre can be added on all sides are most likely to be spherical and the most highly prized. By far the great majority are flattened or variously distorted and have little value. Size, color, luster and freedom from flaws are other essential qualities. Unlike other gems, such as diamonds, pearls have an average life of only about 50 years. In time the small amount of water in a pearl's make-up is lost and its surface cracks. Because they are mostly lime, necklaces which are worn often are injured by the acid secretions of the human skin.

Monday, 8-Nov-2010 01:37

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Pearl Jewelry - The Story of Pearl Hunters

As long as pearl jewelry have been known to people, they have been a

highly sought commodity for their beauty. It's only in recent times

however that the industry has taken the hunt for the perfect pearl to

a whole different level. Today, the shiny orbs that we see on in

display in jewelry stores have actually almost always been grown in

farms.

That's a far cry from the dangerous extraction and collection methods

used before the invention of modern technology. In the past, not more

than 100 years ago, the only way to retrieve pearls was by diving in

lakes, floods and the ocean to pick them up, one at the time. The

unfortunate divers who'se job it was to do this, were often poor and

lured by the relative large sums they could get. The diver would

sometimes have to dive as deep as 100 feet on one single breath of

air. In order to preserve air and to stay submerged the longest, the

divers would hold on to heavy stones on the way down.

Naturally, this dangerous activity was reserved for the desperate or

the powerless - in many cases slaves or extremely poor peasents.

Today, this method is all but obsolete in most places of the world.

The cheaper cultured pearls have become popular and are many times

the only pearls available to the consumer.

There are however still a few isolated areas that practice this old

art of pearl diving. Some of the finest natural pearl speciments come

from the gulf of Bahrain. Here, divers still risk their health to

retrieve what are considered the top of the crop in the world. In

fact, Bahrain wants no part of the sale of cultured pearls, banned

from trade. Bahrain is one of the few places on earth that does an

active job in trying to preserve the natural habitat and waters from

pollution.

It's an interesting story and one that continues to fascinate buyers

around the world. Somehow, the beauty of the pearl grows when it's

been retrieved from the depth of the ocean.

Monday, 8-Nov-2010 01:29

Email | Share |

Buying Pearl Jewelry Without Being Ripped Off

Monday, 19-Oct-2009 09:35

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Goldman Sachs Goes After Carl Icahn

A lending unit of Goldman Sachs Group has sued Carl Icahn's High River Limited Partnership for breach of contract for failing to pearl jewelry set complete a transaction involving bank loans made to auto-parts maker Delphi Corp.

In the six-page complaint filed on Friday in New York state court in Manhattan, Goldman Sachs ( GS - news - people ) Lending Partners claims the billionaire's investment firm got caught shorting bank debt of Delphi ( DPHI.PK - news - people ).

"High River apparently 'sold short' the bank debt, anticipating that the market price of the bank debt would decrease," Goldman says in its lawsuit. "However, the market price of the bank debt increased after High River entered into the contracts, and High River is now trying to walk away from its obligations."

According to Goldman, Icahn's High River agreed in nine written contracts to sell to Goldman $140 million principal amount of term loans extended to freshwater pearl Delphi.

The agreements were signed between July 15 and July 30, when the outcome of Delphi's four-year stint in bankruptcy court was nearing an uncertain end. Lenders worried that Platinum Equity, a California-based private equity firm, would buy Delphi in a sweetheart deal. That deal would have been bad for holders of Delphi's debt.

But fearing large losses, lenders providing Delphi's bankruptcy loan, like Elliott Management and Silver Point Capital, won court approval at the end of July to purchase the assets of Delphi, boosting the value of Delphi's debt.

Goldman Sachs claims that when it tried to close its transaction to pearl necklace wholesale purchase the bank debt with High River in September, Icahn's lawyer revealed that High River was not in a position to close the transactions. Goldman suggests in its lawsuit that High River did not own the Delphi debt at the time it entered into its trades with Goldman.

In a short sale, an investor will sell a security they do not own believing the price of the security will fall and the security can be bought later at a lower price to make a profit. But if the price of the security increases, the investor gets stuck with a loss.

"Neither the fact that High River did not own the bank debt at the time it entered into the contracts, nor the tin cup pearl necklace fact that the market has moved against High River, nor any other reason, excuses High River from meeting its contractual obligations," Goldman says in its lawsuit.

A lawyer representing High River said the partnership plans to file a counter-suit against Goldman Sachs. "We believe Goldman Sachs is in breach of its obligations under the trade which involved High River selling and Goldman Sachs buying," he said. He added High River would "vigorously" contest Goldman's claims.

Michael DuVally, a Goldman Sachs spokesman, declined further comment.

Icahn has been trolling around the battered auto-parts sector for the last few years. In 2007, Icahn made a $2.9 billion bid to purchase interior and seat maker Lear Corp. ( LEA - news - people ) that was rejected, leading Icahn to later dump his stock in the company. Icahn's Federal Mogul Corp. also made efforts to freshwater pearl buy Delphi when it was in bankruptcy court.

Monday, 19-Oct-2009 09:28

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At Our Throats

Oncologist Maura Gillison was looking for patients with tonsil cancer for a clinical study several years ago. The first enlisted was a malpractice lawyer, followed by a doctor, then a scientist. She joked to freshwater pearl bracelet a colleague that all she needed was a rear admiral. In walked a member of the military brass. All were in their 30s, 40s and 50s.

People in their prime didn't used to get throat tumors. Head-and-neck cancer, as doctors call it, was a disease of older problem drinkers who also chain-smoked (more men than women). Years of exposure to scotch and Lucky Strikes would damage the DNA of cells lining the throat, leading to cancer.

But Gillison, 44, a professor at Ohio State University, was among the first researchers to make a startling realization: The old cigarettes-and-alcohol form of the disease was being eclipsed by a new form, caused by the same human papilloma virus (HPV) that causes cervical cancer. The tumors grow in the tonsils or in the tissue that remains after tonsillectomy. The only good news is that the prognosis for these patients is better than for the old disease.

Gillison and researchers at the National Cancer Institute estimate that 4,000 people, 75% of them men, develop this new form of throat cancer annually. That's only a tenth of head-and-neck cases, but it's half as many people as get cervical cancer in the U.S. More worrisome, Gillison's work shows HPV tonsil cancer is increasing at a rate of 5% a year, unusual growth for a cancer diagnosis, even though throat infection with the HPV strain that causes it is exceedingly rare. Any spread of the virus could make the number of cases increase dramatically. "I'm very worried," says Otis Brawley, chief medical officer of the turquoise necklace American Cancer Society. Skeptics say the association is not proven, and that too much of the work comes from just Gillison.

Both Gillison and Brawley think a solution may exist: Vaccinate all boys, starting as early as age 9, with Merck ( MRK - news - people )'s HPV vaccine, Gardasil, now heavily promoted for cervical cancer. Gardasil, however, is already the source of all sorts of controversy. Antivaccine groups oppose it because of its high costs ($360 for three shots) and alleged side effects; the FDA says the vaccine is safe. GlaxoSmithkline ( GSK - news - people ) is developing its own HPV vaccine.

Gillison spent three years trying to draw Merck's attention to HPV tonsil cancer. Finally, she is working with Merck to design a study to button pearl see if Gardasil can affect HPV infection in the throat. Merck admits studying the problem is "challenging" but says the potential is big.

Interested in cancer-causing viruses, Gillison started work on the HPV problem in 1996 when she was finishing her Ph.D. and oncology training at Johns Hopkins University. She signed up with a group studying HPV and cervical cancer. But she switched to studying throat cancer patients after finding a few research papers reporting cases in which tumors had the DNA of the HPV virus inside them.

She was shocked to find a substantial number of throat tumors had the HPV type. She also noticed something dramatic when she organized HPV patients by the year they were born. Starting with patients born in 1935, there had been an increase in the number of cases every single year.

Researchers realized that a big change in sexual behavior in the 1950s and 1960s--mainly, that people had more sexual partners--had allowed a virus that had been rare to akoya pearl jewelry spread throughout the population. Some researchers say gay men and women seem underrepresented, possibly because they catch the virus elsewhere in the body and develop immunity.

What appears to happen is that one strain of the HPV virus, which is transmitted largely through oral sex, but also by French kissing or even just sharing a water glass, suppresses two anticancer genes.

HPV tonsil cancer is not as lethal as traditional throat cancers, but the treatment is still brutal. Martin Duffy, a 69-year-old Boston economist and consultant who doesn't smoke and has run 40 Boston marathons, dropped 30 pounds to >http://www.lpearls.com/set-jewelry/c210/index.html]pearl neckalce set 120 pounds while being treated with Erbitux and radiation. He was diagnosed with tonsil cancer in February and is slowly recovering.

The death rate in head-and-neck cancer has been dropping, but doctors are still discouraged: It turns out the less threatening virus was responsible for many of those cancers. James Rocco, a head-and-neck surgeon at the Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, says, "We're probably doing no better than we were 30 years ago."

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Monday, 19-Oct-2009 09:21

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Entrepreneurs Of The Year

It's good to be the boss. Even better if you're at the helm of one of America's best-performing small companies.

Our annual list of America's 200 Best Small Companies features outfits that have annual revenue between $5 million and $750 million, have been publicly traded for at least a year and have a stock price no lower than $5. Rankings are based on earnings growth, sales growth and return on equity in the pearl neckalce set past 12 months and over five years. We also compared the stock performance of each company with that of its peers.

In most cases, the original founders have moved on, sold out or no longer play a key role in the operations. But a handful of these high fliers are still controlled by the savvy entrepreneurs who birthed them. These self-made stars have built tidy empires in an array of industries, from home health care and perfume manufacturing to pearl jewelry wholesale fingerprint identification systems and casual dining.

At the top of that heap, and No. 4 on our overall list: Keith Myers, co-founder in 1994 (with wife, Ginger) of LHC Group ( LHCG - news - people ), provider of nursing, rehabilitation and long-term care services in 18 states, and headquartered in Lafayette, La. Myers isn't a medical guy by training, but he knows how to freshwater pearl start and run companies. His launched his first venture--Louisiana Premium Seafoods, a seafood processing distribution company in New Orleans--with his father in 1982. As the pair brought on additional equity partners, they gradually were nudged aside, and eventually bought out. That experience "shaped my business view," says Myers, 50. "With LHC, we're in for the long term."

That means hiring people who share the same vision. LHC employee No. 2, Thelma Siverand, a full-time nurse's aide, can attest: She still works there. As for Myers, he continues to serve as chief executive and maintains a 15% stake in the company.

Gerald Shreiber, founder of J&J Snack Foods ( JJSF - news - people ) (No. 118 on our list), defines the term self-made star. Shreiber, 67, dropped out of New Jersey's Rider College in his first year. A husband and father by age 18, he then worked as a machine shop apprentice in Philadelphia. "It was the only job I could get," he recalls. In 1968, he opened his own machine shop, flipping it to single pearl necklace a larger competitor two years later. "Turns out I wasn't very good at metal working," he adds.

In 1971, Shreiber used the proceeds from the sale to buy a defunct soft pretzel company, in Pennsauken, N.J., with eight employees, some old baking equipment and $400,000 in sales at a bankruptcy auction in 1971. He has served as J&J's chairman, president and chief executive officer ever since, and now has a 21% stake in the company, which also sells frozen desserts and drinks under the Fruit-A-Freeze, Whole Fruit, Slush Puppie, Barq's and Minute Maid brands. "It's a legacy," says Shreiber. "I've been a very fortunate person for somebody that has limited education and started from the ground up."

Small companies can yield big fortunes, especially if you run the show. One of the self-made members on our list, billionaire Bharat Desai, is the 212th richest American, by Forbes estimates. His wealth vehicle: Syntel ( SYNT - news - people ), the information-technology services provider Desai founded with wife Neerja Sethi, in Troy, Mich., in 1980. The company went public in 1997, as the tech boom raged.

Kenya-born Desai started Syntel (No. 27 on our Best Small Companies list) while earning his M.B.A. from the University of Michigan. He has strategic chops to spare: He played for India in the cultured pearl 1994 bridge world championship. Last February, Desai stepped down as chief executive, but as chairman of the board, he maintains a 43% stake in his company. That's a good thing when your company just cleared $101 million on $405 million in revenue in the last 12 months. What recession?

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Monday, 19-Oct-2009 09:14

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Poking Fun At VCs

BURLINGAME, Calif. -- Chicago tech entrepreneur Jason Fried, who runs a hot Web-software and development firm called 37signals, last month slipped a funny, fake press release onto his company's blog. Titled "37signals Valuation Tops $100 Billion After Bold VC Investment," the satirical screed poked fun at the nosebleed valuations commanded by some money-losing, VC-backed Internet start-ups lately.

Then another funny thing happened. VCs started calling Fried to inquire about possibly investing in his company.

"We've gotten, I would say, between 30 to 40 calls from VCs over the last few years," he told Forbes. "After we released that press release, we started getting another wave of calls." Most of the pearl beads callers knew the release was fake but were nonetheless interested in 37signals' actual business, Fried says. But one confused venture capitalist seemed to think the document was genuine and "wanted to get in" on the made-up deal it described, he says--a financing through which 37signals sold 0.000000001% of the company for $1, implying a valuation of $100 billion.

Let's hope that VC made his inquiry before gulping his first cup of coffee. But it all seems to buttress Fried's not-so-subtle point that some tech investors remain more enamored with eyeballs and page views than they do with real businesses that make money.

"This goes back to the late 1990s," says Fried, whose company makes the popular Web-development framework Ruby on Rails and other software products, including a project-management tool called Basecamp. "We've been through this before." 37signals, founded in 1999, is profitable, he says. It has eschewed VC funding but has taken an investment from Amazon.com ( AMZN - news - people ) founder Jeff Bezos.

In his ersatz press release, Fried quotes himself declaring, "When it comes to rope pearl necklace valuation, making money is a real obstacle. Our profitability has been a real drag on our valuation ... Once you have profits, it's impossible to just make stuff up. That's why we're switching to a 'freeconomics' model. We'll give away everything for free and let the market speculate about how much money we could make if we wanted to make money. That way, the sky's the limit!"

Later, the release cites a convoluted valuation formula put forth by a finance professor at the fictitious Grenada State Schnook School of Business. The formula: (Twitter followers x Facebook fans) + (# of employees x 1,000)] x (RSS subscribers + daily page views) + (monthly burn rate x Google's stock price). The resulting number gets doubled if the company uses Ruby on Rails "or if the CEO has run a business into the ground before," the press release adds. It's crazy, but contains a lot of the metrics some venture capitalists throw around these days to justify real investments.

But not everyone appreciated Fried's joke. He says some West Coast readers complained the post unfairly attacked Twitter, the popular, but currently revenue-free, micro-blogging service. Twitter was rumored to pearl necklace wholesale have raised $100 million in September at a hefty $1 billion valuation. Fried calls Twitter just "the latest example in a long line of ridiculous valuations from companies that don't make any money."

In some ways, Fried should be careful throwing stones. His company provides products like Ruby on Rails to small Web start-ups, including Twitter. But he doesn't seem worried about offending the venture crowd--37signals isn't interested in taking VC cash, he says, calling many VCs "ridiculous" and prone to bragging about their own past successes. "They call you and say, 'We'd like to reach out and learn more about you.' No, you don't," Fried says. Ouch.

Monday, 19-Oct-2009 08:57

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Elinor Ostrom And The Digital Commons

Old fables die hard. That's surely been the history of the so-called "tragedy of the commons," one of the most durable myths of the past generation. In a famous 1968 essay, biologist Garrett Hardin alleged that it is nearly impossible for people to freshwater pearl necklace manage shared resources as a commons. Invariably someone will let his sheep over-graze a shared pasture, and the commons will collapse. Or so goes the fable.

In fact, as Professor Elinor Ostrom's pioneering scholarship over the past three decades has demonstrated, self-organized communities of "commoners" are quite capable of managing forests, fisheries and other finite resources without destroying them. On Monday, Ostrom won a Nobel Prize in Economics for explaining how real-life commons work, especially in managing natural resources.

Contrived "prisoner's dilemma" experiments have long purported to show the futility and irrationality of cooperation with others. But Ostrom's work has shown that people can in fact develop systems of communication and coordination to work together to manage collective wealth. They can cultivate the reciprocal trust and social norms needed to opera necklace allocate scarce resources fairly. They can devise effective rules and graduated sanctions for punishing "free riders" and vandals. A "tragedy," while always possible, is hardly inevitable.

Ostrom's landmark 1990 book, Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action, explains how these principles play out in different contexts--among farmers in Valencia, Spain, who have managed water-irrigation canals for nearly 1,000 years, among Swiss villagers, who have sustainably managed alpine grazing meadows for centuries, and many others.

At a moment when the mysteries of environmental sustainability remain elusive, Ostrom's scholarship has much to say. For example, if traditional government regulation is too blunt and unresponsive to local circumstances, Ostrom has proposed "limited-purpose governmental enterprises" that let participants work out the rules themselves, subject to certain overarching design principles (clear boundaries to the commons, participation by everyone affected, monitoring, etc.). Such approaches let people devise governance regimes that are tailored to the peculiarities of the local resource and can draw upon the commoners' personal familiarity with it.

"Bureaucrats sometimes do not have the correct information, while citizens and users of resources do," Ostrom recently told a reporter. The great virtue of the commons is that it can be a responsive, effective way to pearl necklace wholesale manage a resource in the public interest without command-and-control regulation and legalisms.

Perhaps the most vivid example of this scenario is the Internet. Thanks to a shared set of non-proprietary technical protocols that let different types of computers interoperate with each other, the Internet has become the largest, most robust commons in history. Anyone can form their own niche community to curate and share photos, music, videos, blog posts, research and much else.

Although Ostrom has not written extensively about the Internet and online commons, her work clearly speaks to the ways that people can self-organize themselves to take care of resources that they care about. The power of digital commons can be seen in the runaway success of Linux and other open-source software. It is evident, too, in the explosive growth of Wikipedia, Craigslist (classified ads), Flickr (photo-sharing), the Internet Archive (historical Web artifacts) and Public.Resource.org (government information). Each commons acts as a conscientious steward of its collective wealth.

People who do music remixes and video mashups have formed their own commons, as have scientists who publish their research in open-access journals managed by their disciplines rather than by commercial publishers. There are digital commons devoted to compiling "open textbooks" (Wikibooks), sharing university course curricula (M.I.T.'s OpenCourseWare) and assembling neuroscientific research strewn across the Web (the Neurocommons project), among many others.

A key reason that all these Internet commons flourish is because the commoners do not have to get permission from, or make payments to freshwater pearl pendant , a corporate middleman. They can build what they want directly, and manage their work as they wish. The cable and telephone companies that provide access to the Internet are not allowed to favor large corporate users with superior service while leaving the rest of us--including upstart competitors and non-market players--with slower, poorer-quality service.

In an earlier time, this principle was known as "common carriage"--the idea that everyone shall have roughly equivalent access and service, without discrimination. Today, in the Internet context, it is known as "net neutrality."

Net neutrality is a key reason why the Internet has been so phenomenally generative. Because the Internet functions as a commons, it enables anyone to find others, strike up a collaboration and generate useful stuff without first having to pay a premium fee, raise capital or persuade a corporate gatekeeper that the idea is marketable. Unsuspected types of value can surface and develop easily, often evolving into new markets that disrupt entrenched businesses. Examples: open-source software, wi-fi, the Internet Movie Database and podcasting.

It's an idea that Elinor Ostrom has spent her career documenting: With an appropriate policy architecture, the commoners can take charge of their own problems and devise their own rules and social norms to cultured pearl jewelry manage their shared wealth.

Now that the Nobel Prize has honored Ostrom's pioneering research, it's time to banish old prejudices about the "tragedy of the commons," move beyond the stilted "government vs. market" debate and explore the rich promise of the commons.